Decoding active sites, mechanisms, and reactivities of layered double hydroxide catalysts for organic transformation reactions.

Catalysis is one of the most fascinating fields in chemistry and science, plays a crucial role in chemical transformations and forms the basis of numerous chemical protocols. Organic transformations driven by heterogeneous catalysts are highly significant in both fundamental research and modern industrial production of fine chemicals. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and their derived materials have emerged as versatile materials with significant potential as heterogeneous catalysts for organic transformations. Their modular metal composition, basic character and ion-exchange capabilities allow for the rational design of specific catalytic sites. This review aims to summarize recent developments in the domain of LDH-based catalysts for catalytic organic transformations. Insights into the fundamentals of layered double hydroxides have been provided, correlating with the structure-activity relationship (SAR). Furthermore, various strategies for synthesizing LDH-derived materials and their utilization in various catalytic organic transformations, such as coupling, condensation, hydrogenation, oxidation and epoxidation, have been discussed in detail. Finally, this review provides an outlook on the current challenges and future perspectives in developing LDH-derived materials for organic transformation reactions.