A spatiotemporally regulated drug delivery system with stage-specific thermosensitive gelation and photothermally triggered release for localized tumor therapy

depot at the targeted tissue due to the thermoresponsive sol-gel transition of the PLGA-PEG-PLGA matrix. Upon exposure to near-infrared light, polydopamine generates heat that induces a volume-phase transition of the DPN nanogels, thereby producing a precisely light-triggered release profile. The drug release rate can reach 87%. In the absence of light, the system maintains a sustained basal release rate. Overall, we have successfully developed a localized and spatiotemporally regulated drug delivery system capable of rapid NIR-triggered release coupled with sustained long-term release. The tumor suppression rate was 98.77%, providing a promising platform for precision-controlled cancer therapy.