Constructing a dual-protection heterointerface for durable anion exchange membrane seawater electrolysis at ampere-level current density

at 1.86 V in an anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzer using seawater as the feedstock, maintaining durability for over 300 h. This work provides new insights into constructing a dual-protection heterointerface by combining electrostatic repulsion and the steric effect to achieve long-term protection for metal catalysts in seawater.