L. Tian, Yuen Wu
, thermal treatment, abrasion, light/electric energy-driven methods) and their specific applications in various catalytic systems. Notably, top-down strategies show strong adaptability under practical reaction environments, enabling functions such as the regeneration of spent catalysts and kinetic restructuring in response to reaction conditions. Overall, this review aims to promote a deeper understanding of top-down synthetic principles, accelerate their industrial implementation, and unlock the full potential of SACs.