Comprehensive characterization and RSM-based optimization of crystal violet adsorption using SnCl <sub>2</sub> –FeCl <sub>3</sub> and SnCl <sub>2</sub> –ZnCl <sub>2</sub> activated pomegranate peel biosorbents
Nada Hamrouche, Chahrazed Djilani, Youghourta Belhocine, Nawal Bouzenad, Lehtihet Boudjema Amir, SABRI MERADI, Imene Hamrouche, Djihane Slimane Ben Ali
原始摘要（英文原文）· Original abstract
, respectively. The adsorption behavior was best fitted by both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic evaluation confirmed that the process is spontaneous and endothermic. Additionally, the biosorbents demonstrated strong reusability, retaining high performance through up to seven adsorption/desorption cycles.