Simultaneous synthesis of hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite from crab shells and its polycaprolactone-blended scaffolds for enhanced bone regeneration

(%/day) = 0.0108 [HA-CS] (%) + 0.1133. This controllability enables better synchronization between scaffold degradation and new bone formation, addressing a major limitation of conventional PCL-based scaffolds. Overall, crab shell waste offers a promising and eco-friendly route to generate high-performance scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.