Enhanced controlled drug delivery of berberine-loaded gelatin nanoparticles: characterization and <i>in vitro</i> assessment

release studies demonstrated a biphasic and sustained release profile extending over three weeks. The biological evaluation of BBR-GNPs indicated notable antimicrobial, antioxidant, and biocompatibility characteristics. Moreover, MTT assay results showed high cell viability of human skin fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner, confirming the safety of the developed formulation. Overall, this work presents BBR-GNPs as a promising nanoplatform for controlled drug delivery, offering enhanced solubility, prolonged release, and improved bioavailability of BBR, thereby extending its potential therapeutic applications.