Kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics study on the dissolution-assisted conversion of plastic and biomass wastes into activated carbon

for Rhodamine B and Nile Blue, respectively. Kinetic studies revealed rapid initial uptake reaching equilibrium within 6 h, while thermodynamic evaluation confirmed a spontaneous and endothermic adsorption process. Overall, this work offers a sustainable and scalable route to convert mixed wastes into efficient adsorbents for dye-laden wastewater treatment.