Surface engineering and functionalization of powder-based materials by fluidized-bed atomic layer deposition for emerging applications

, to control their release profiles and improve their physical properties, such as wettability, dispersibility, flowability, and solubility, which are essential for enhancing therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. The versatility and precision of FB-ALD position it as a key technology for the development of next-generation materials, addressing the critical challenges of performance, stability, and functionality of powder-based materials for different fields.