Shaikh Aliya Aijaz, Zaryab Shafi and, Mohammad Shahid
embedding techniques enhances surface functionality, adsorption kinetics, and recovery efficiency. Adsorption mechanisms, modeled using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and pseudo-second-order kinetics, demonstrated the capacities of common dyes. Comparative studies show that magnetized biosorbents outperform non-magnetized systems in terms of adsorption efficiency, reusability, and operational feasibility. The review also addresses scale-up challenges, including nanoparticle leaching, regulatory compliance, and production costs, and highlights potential solutions such as green synthesis, MOF-biomass hybrids, and modular reactor designs. Overall, magnetized biosorbents represent a scalable, cost-effective, and environmentally responsible approach for industrial wastewater remediation, aligning with global sustainability goals.