Dielectric relaxation and optical modulation in PVC/TPU-BaSnO ₃ /Sn ₂ O ₃ nanocomposites for enhanced energy storage and optoelectronic performance

mechanisms that include interfacial polarization, limited polymer mobility, and improved charge carrier dynamics, demonstrating a dielectric constant of 120, a twelvefold increase at higher concentrations of nanofiller at low frequencies. The amount of nanofiller in the PVC/TPU-BSO-SO composites greatly influences how they transmit and reflect light, improving their clarity, ability to block UV rays, and flexibility in terms of the optical properties. Pronounced reductions of the direct and indirect optical band gaps are seen. The changes in band gaps might be due to more disorder, changes in crystal structure, and the possible clumping of nanoparticles. The resulting nanocomposites combine flexibility with tunable dielectric and optical properties, positioning them as strong candidates for use in flexible energy storage, UV blocking, and optoelectronic applications.