Polystyrene nanoplastics as PFAS carriers and their interactions with zwitterionic phospholipid membranes

electrostatic attraction to the positively charged POPC trimethylammonium groups, overcoming the hydration barrier. PFOA-coated NPs adsorb transiently; however, PFOA detachment exposes the NP core, weakening NP-lipid interactions and leading to NP desorption and insertion of detached PFOA molecules. The addition of 0.1 M KCl does not significantly alter the interfacial behavior of small PFAS-NP complexes.