Kang Wang, Hengjie Zhang, Mengxin Wang, Zhengyong Li, Wu Wu, Peng-cheng Liu, Ruiqi Liu, Zhipeng Gu, Yiwen Li, Zhenyu Zhang
hair follicle formation, indicating true functional tissue restoration. Transcriptomic and immunofluorescence analyses further revealed downregulation of pro-fibrotic and inflammatory pathways alongside activation of regenerative signaling, including M2 macrophage polarization and suppression of the M1 phenotype in treated wounds. This study introduces an early vitamin A-based nanocomposite hydrogel with dual anti-scarring and regenerative functions, offering a promising strategy for advanced wound care.