Ji Qiu, J. Joshua Yang, Lihao Liu, Jiameng Wen, J. Joshua Yang, Wenwan Shi, Xiaoxiang Gao, Jing Sun, Ling Bai, Xiaojiang Liu, Zhongze Gu
, thereby advancing drug testing and disease modeling accuracy. This review systematically examines the development of OoC technology through the lens of multi-channel microfluidics by focusing on four pivotal domains: (1) the biomimetic design overview for OoCs, (2) fabrication methods including soft lithography and 3D printing, (3) applications in pathophysiological investigations, preclinical drug evaluation, and toxicological assessment, and (4) current challenges and perspectives in structural design, materials and fabrication, biological applications, and other development directions. This review is intended to provide a reference for the technological iteration and interdisciplinary application of multi-channel microfluidic chip systems.