PLA/starch bi-layer films reinforced with rice straw cellulose nanofibers and functionalized with organosolv–lignin nanoparticles and grapefruit bioactives for shelf life extension of green grapes

PLA/starch bi-layer films reinforced with modified CNFs, lignin nanoparticles, and grapefruit extract showed improved strength, barrier, and UV-blocking properties, effectively extending grape shelf life and promoting sustainable food packaging.