◆ Energy & Environmental Science2025-12-22· Hydropower
Spatially resolved modeling of pumped storage and hydropower for China's carbon neutrality
Ziheng Zhu, Hanjie Mao, Shuo Zhang, Xiaogang He, Da Zhang
原始摘要（英文原文）· Original abstract
A spatially resolved power model shows China's 2060 decarbonization needs 300 GW closed- and 200 GW open-loop pumped storage, and 700 GW hydropower. Market reforms ensure PHS profit, and optimized cascade operations save over 100 billion RMB/year.