Structural evolution of BaMoO ₄ upon Zn doping and its influence on electrochemical behavior in hybrid supercapacitors

, with 87% capacitance retention after 2000 cycles. Rather than maximizing absolute capacitance and energy density values, this study demonstrates a controlled structural modification strategy through Zn dopant in which targeted lattice and morphological changes enable polarity-selective charge storage within an oxide family, offering a stable and sustainable platform for aqueous hybrid energy storage systems.