Qian Bai, Zhiyi Sun, Shuai Jiang, Xiaolu Ma, Runmin Li, Huishan Shang, Wenxing Chen
RR). We emphasize how the synergistic effects among the cluster composition, size, synthesis strategy, and CN coordination environment govern catalytic activity and selectivity through charge redistribution and multi-site cooperation. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities in the rational design and structural stabilization of CN supported cluster catalysts are discussed, aiming to guide their further development toward practical applications in sustainable energy conversion.