Kunhong Li, Sen Liu, Jingyang Niu, Jingping Wang
their "electron-sponge" behavior and multi-electron redox processes, and improve overall catalytic stability. Finally, this review critically assesses the current challenges and outlines future research directions for POM photocatalytic materials. This work aims to provide insightful theoretical references and design principles for the development of efficient, stable, and practical POM systems for advanced solar energy conversion.