A review of smart integrated energy systems towards industrial carbon neutrality: Opportunity and challenge

The complex operation of industrial integrated energy systems (IES), with their coupled energy, material, and information flows, is being transformed by artificial intelligence (AI). This paper reviews the AI-driven advancements in IES modeling, design, and operation. We explore the potential of large language models-assisted decision-making and the energy–AI–industrial multidisciplinary nexus. The deep integration of AI and energy science promises to reshape industrial energy management and accelerate the net-zero carbon transition.