Lorenzo Nevi, Chiara Aiello, Francesca Molinaro, Annamaria Altomare, Teresa Musarra, Paolo Gallo, Chiara Taffon, Michele Pier Luca Guarino, Umberto Vespasiani‐Gentilucci, Andrea Baiocchini, Simone Carotti
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Conventional diagnostics lack sensitivity for early detection. This review summarizes emerging biomarkers, advanced molecular classifications, and technologies such as RNA sequencing and liquid biopsy that enhance tumor characterization and monitoring. While promising, these approaches face validation and accessibility barriers. Their integration into clinical practice could enable personalized therapy and improve outcomes.