Hongwei Xie, Longpeng Yang, Binbin Jiang, Zhenlong Huang, Yuan Lin
Wearable cardiovascular monitoring systems integrate advanced sensing technologies to provide real-time, personalized, and noninvasive healthcare through continuous monitoring and early warning capabilities, representing significant progress in accuracy, personalization, and connectivity. This review summarizes recent advances in wearable physical sensors, imaging technologies, and biochemical devices tailored for cardiovascular health monitoring, explores developments in early warning and closed-loop systems, and discusses future research directions and associated challenges.