Hallmarks of nuclear metabolism: implications for genome integrity, nuclear signaling, and therapeutic targeting

Certain metabolic enzymes localize to the nucleus, where they perform regulatory functions that extend far beyond canonical metabolism. Once inside, they influence chromatin organization, transcription, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. This review summarizes recent advances that redefine metabolism as a nuclear process and reshape our understanding of metabolic regulation. It further defines the emerging hallmarks of nuclear metabolism and discusses how these insights open new avenues for cancer therapies.