Jiaqi Yao, Zimeng Zhao, Ming Pan, Yuan Yang, XUE LI, Tong Liu, Zhen Wen, Nan Xu, Hui Lu
Floods are destructive, yet quantifying 3D dynamics remains challenging for traditional satellites. The SWOT mission provides Water Surface Elevation (WSE) measurements for flood monitoring. We assessed the catastrophic Miyun flood (July 2025) where rainfall was extreme. We developed the SWOT-FVE framework to reconstruct hydrographs and volumes, revealing level rises up to 3.2 m and volume increases of 1.54 billion m³. These findings demonstrate SWOT’s unique capability to resolve 3D flood responses, advancing flood assessment and resilience planning.