Asep Sugih Nugraha, Nasim Amiralian, Md. Shahriar A. Hossain, Yusuke Yamauchi
Gold (Au), once valued mainly for its stability and shine, now shows remarkable catalytic and plasmonic properties at the nanoscale. Nanoporous gold (np-Au) stands out with high surface area, tunable pores, and good conductivity, enabling advanced catalysis and sensing. This review summarises recent progress in np-Au synthesis, structure–property relationships, and emerging applications, while addressing challenges in controlling porosity, crystallinity, and multifunctional integration.