Psychological and physiological responses to smells from nature—potential health benefits for urban dwellers

Abstract An increasing number of studies explore the health benefits of nature exposure, yet few examine its effects through smells. This paper aims to review the literature on the psychological and physiological effects of smells emitted by natural sources. Findings from 30 studies show that smells from nature reduce stress, promote relaxation and enhance well-being. Their integration into cities can enhance nature exposure, urban satisfaction and promote healthier environments.