ActiTect: a generalizable machine learning pipeline for REM sleep behavior disorder screening through standardized actigraphy

Isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is a major prodromal marker of α-synucleinopathies, often preceding the clinical onset of Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, or multiple system atrophy. While wrist-worn actimeters hold significant potential for detecting RBD in large-scale screening efforts by capturing abnormal nocturnal movements, they require a reliable and efficient analysis pipeline. This study presents ActiTect, a fully automated, open-source machine learning tool to identify RBD from actigraphy recordings. To ensure generalizability across heterogeneous acquisition settings, our pipeline includes robust preprocessing and automated sleep-wake detection to harmonize multi-device data and extract physiologically interpretable motion features. Model development was conducted on a cohort of 78 individuals, yielding strong discrimination under nested cross-validation (AUROC = 0.95). Generalization was confirmed on a blinded local test set (n = 31, AUROC = 0.86) and two independent external cohorts (n = 113, AUROC = 0.84; n = 57, AUROC = 0.94). To assess robustness, leave-one-dataset-out cross-validation across cohorts demonstrated consistent performance (AUROC range = 0.84-0.89). Complementary stability analysis showed that predictive features remained reproducible across datasets, supporting the pooled multi-center pre-trained model for broader deployment. As an open-source, easy-to-use tool, ActiTect promotes adoption, independent validation, and collaborative improvements, thereby advancing generalizable wearable-based RBD detection.