Simon C. Williams, Danyal Z. Khan, Sophia Bano, Ann Blandford, Matthew J. Clarkson, Enrico Costanza, Evangelos B. Mazomenos, Danail Stoyanov, Peter McCulloch, Hani J. Marcus
Two recent studies in surgical AI video analysis show divergent outcomes based on user expertise and AI explainability. While both demonstrate improved accuracy with AI-assistance, differences in trust and transparency critically shaped impact. This commentary explores human-computer interaction factors such as trust, usability, and explainability, and argues for structured evaluation frameworks to ensure effective, safe integration of AI into surgical practice.