Structural Updating and the Limits of Inference in Cognitive Change.

Observed cognitive change can establish that something has changed without establishing what has changed structurally. A correction may alter a judgment or response while leaving open whether the organization relevant to later interpretation has itself been altered. This creates an inferential problem: evidence of learning, correction, behavioral adjustment, durability, or transfer does not by itself determine whether a structural transition has occurred. To address this problem, the paper develops an inferential framework for claims about structural cognitive change. Structural updating refers to a realized alteration that meets a domain-specific criterion for change in the constitutive relations or constraints of the organization under study. Admissibility of structural updating refers instead to the availability of a specified structural transition to a specified organization under specified conditions, irrespective of whether that transition is realized. Transition availability, transition realization, and the evidence warranting claims about either are therefore treated as distinct. The contribution is not to introduce a universal intermediate phase or mechanism of cognitive change. It is to make structural specification, transition availability, transition realization, and inferential warrant explicit within a single architecture. Existing domain-specific constructs may already perform some of these roles. Where the available evidence does not support a stronger structural conclusion, the framework permits that conclusion to remain undetermined.