Solar Situation Awareness and Flare Forecasting Dataset for Operational Applications

Abstract We present a Solar Situation Awareness and Flare Forecasting Dataset designed to support research and operational applications in space weather events monitoring and prediction. The core dataset spans a 14-year period from May 2010 to May 2024 and integrates multi-source solar observations from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager and Atmospheric Imaging Assembly onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory together with ground-based Hα observations. During this period, the dataset provides a complete set of observations including line-of-sight magnetograms, continuum images, multi-band EUV images, and Hα observations. The dataset includes manually annotated segmentation masks for major solar structures, including active regions, coronal holes, and filaments. To extend the historical coverage of solar magnetic and coronal observations, earlier data from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory are also incorporated, including MDI magnetograms from 1996 to 2010 and EIT extreme ultraviolet images at 195 and 304 Å. All observations are spatially standardized to a unified solar-disk coordinate system extending to 1.1 solar radii and resampled to a consistent spatial scale. The dataset further includes flare labels within a 24-hour prediction window, operational magnetic parameters derived from magnetograms, and a manual mapping between SHARP patches and NOAA active region numbers. This structured multimodal dataset provides a standardized resource for solar structure analysis, machine-learning research, and operational flare forecasting.