Weilong Gao, Liao-Cheng Zhao, Meng-Yao Xu, Feng-Fan Yang, Xian‐Yun Mu
Understanding the genomic basis of ecological adaptation is essential to deciphering how dominant species survive under extreme abiotic stresses. Oresitrophe rupifraga (Saxifragaceae) is a perennial herb restricted to limestone cliffs in China, possessing high ornamental and medicinal value. Its wide distribution and large population sizes make it a natural model for identifying genetic mechanisms of resilience, which may inform crop improvement for extreme environments. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of O. rupifraga , which spans 717.76 Mb and has 96.21% of its sequences anchored to 17 chromosomes. The assembly has a scaffold N50 of 42.40 Mb, a BUSCO completeness of 98%, and Merqury QV values above 50 for all chromosomes. A total of 37,005 protein-coding genes were predicted, with 99.10% BUSCO completeness and 97.3% OMArk completeness. Repetitive sequences comprise 63.35% of the genome, with long terminal repeats accounting for 44.19%. This genomic resource will facilitate studies of the ecological adaptation and evolutionary history of cliff-dwelling plants.