Zhenyi Zhang, Zihan Wang, Yuhao Sun, Jiantao Shen, Qiangwei Peng, Tiejun Li, Peijie Zhou
Cellular processes evolve dynamically across time and space. Single-cell and spatial omics technologies have provided high-resolution snapshots of gene expression, greatly expanding the capability to characterize cellular states. This review summarizes recent modeling strategies for time-series and spatiotemporal transcriptomic data, emphasizing links between dynamical systems, generative modeling, and biological insight. These approaches illustrate how computational tools can deepen our understanding of the dynamic nature of single cells.