Guoqing Ma, Yunfeng Li, Chen He, Jie Li, Jiawen Xie, Maab Mohammed Alballa, Kun Xu, Xinran Feng, Juan He, Kaizhen Jia, Yifei He, Wei Li, F. Chen, Baibing Mi, Jiaomei Yang, Hang Yu, Xia Liao, Baoming Zhang, Nan Yang, Quanfeng Dong, Qian Wang, Xiaolei Ze, Xin Liu
In this 12-week trial, 136 participants with moderately dyslipidemia were randomly assigned to receive Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP) or placebo. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the group-by-time interaction did not reach statistical significance. However, in per-protocol set (adherence ≥85% and no antibiotic use), LP supplementation reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (−0.118 mmol/L) and total cholesterol (TC) (−0.163 mmol/L), compared with the placebo (both P group×time < 0.05). Post-intervention group differences were identified in gut microbial genera and species, correlated with changes in bile acids, which in turn were jointly related to lipid reduction. Microbiota-based machine learning models well-predicted the lipid reductions. Subjects with lower genetic risk scores experienced large decreases in LDL-C (Mean ± SD: −0.749 ± 0.632 mmol/L) and TC (−1.306 ± 0.436 mmol/L) (both P trend and P interaction < 0.001). Our data supported the beneficial effects of LP in patients with moderate dyslipidemia involving gut microbiota and host genetics.