Yi Zhang, Z X Dai, Xiaoye Li, Ao He, Jinjin Zheng, Meng Ding, Qiang Li, Yongbin Mou, Dongliang Yang, Weijun Xiu, Heng Dong
Implant-associated infections (IAIs) arise from immune dysregulation and the resilience of bacterial biofilms, which create a permissive niche for persistent infection. Biofilms further suppress host immunity and impair repair. Advances in nanoengineered surfaces and multifunctional antimicrobial coatings, together with gas-releasing and stimulus-responsive nanoplatforms, offer effective non-antibiotic strategies to inhibit colonization, disrupt biofilms, and modulate local immunity. This review summarizes emerging immune-informed approaches for treating IAIs.