Chloé Truong, Nil Gaudu, Orion Farr, Adriana Clouet, Daniel Ferry, François Guyot, Georges Ona-Nguéma, Christian Ruby, Wolfgang Nitschke, Olivier Grauby, Simon Duval
Alkaline hydrothermal vents are plausible environments for the emergence of life on Earth. By means of a simplified analogical reconstruction of the vent-ocean interface of these systems reproducing early Earth conditions, we show that iron (oxy-hydr)oxide minerals may have carried out proto-bioenergetic processes driven by pH and redox gradients. The initial pH gradient precipitates the iron (oxy-hydr)oxide mineral barriers (magnetite, green rust and amakinite) and yields reducing conditions, enabling the production of metallic iron at room temperature via the disproportionation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ and Fe0. The crystallographic association of Fe0 surrounded by magnetite suggests the coupling of Fe3+ / H2 co-production at ambient temperature by amakinite oxidation with the thermodynamically unfavorable reduction of Fe2+ to Fe0. This abiotic disproportionation process coupling exergonic and endergonic reactions may serve as a proto-bioenergetic mechanism increasing the non-equilibrium reduction state of the system and offers an interesting analog of the biological electronic bifurcation reaction, the free energy coupling being a fundamental thermodynamic trait of life-as-we-know-it. By studying laboratory analogs of iron-rich alkaline vents, a pertinent environment for the origin of life, this work demonstrates that iron minerals perform free energy coupling processes, a fundamental thermodynamic trait of life-as-we-know-it.