TP53-mutant CHIP defines a pro-inflammatory phenotype and predicts adverse outcomes after CAR T-cell therapy

Abstract Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) has been well-characterized in patients receiving chemotherapy and hematopoietic cell transplantation. However, its immunologic relevance and potential role in modulating chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy-related toxicities, inflammation, and clinical outcomes remains incompletely defined. In this exploratory study of 104 CAR-T recipients, we investigated the prognostic impact of pre-existing CHIP clones on toxicity and survival, and examined CHIP-associated inflammatory proteomic signatures leveraging longitudinal serum samples. Overall CHIP status was not associated with inflammatory toxicities, outcomes, or systemic inflammatory profiles. Analysis of clonal dynamics revealed TP53- and ASXL1 -mutated clones to be the dominant expanding CHIP clones post-infusion, whereas DNMT3A - and PPM1D -mutated clones showed reduced clonal abundance over time. Notably, TP53 -mutated CHIP was linked to lower platelet and hemoglobin levels, a higher baseline CAR-HEMATOTOX score, inferior clinical outcomes, and a distinct inflammatory signature. These findings identify TP53 -mutated CHIP in CAR-T-treated patients as a high-risk CHIP genotype compared with other CHIP mutations. Importantly, patients who developed treatment-emergent myeloid neoplasms after CAR T-cell therapy exhibited distinct patterns of clonal expansion and inflammatory profiles. Together, these findings support a risk-adapted approach prioritizing longitudinal monitoring of TP53 -mutated CHIP, especially in patients with high CAR-HEMATOTOX scores who develop cytopenias.