MAP4K signaling pathways in cancer: roles, mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities

The MAP4K family, consisting of seven kinases (MAP4K1-7), plays crucial roles in regulating diverse cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. Recent studies have highlighted their involvement in multiple signaling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase, Jun N-terminal kinase and Hippo, implicating them in conditions such as cancer, autoimmune and metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, MAP4K proteins have demonstrated significant roles in cancer development and progression, including tumor growth, metastasis and immune modulation. Here we summarize current insights into the roles of individual MAP4K members in cancer and other diseases, emphasizing their distinct and overlapping functions within key signaling networks. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting MAP4K family members for cancer treatment. These kinases represent promising targets for developing novel therapies for cancer and related diseases. Future research is essential to clarify the specific molecular mechanisms of MAP4K proteins in cancer and to explore their broader relevance in health and disease.