Eugene N. Ngouangna, Iskandar Dzulkarnain, Mohd Zaidi Jaafar, M. N. A. M. Norddin, Jeffrey O. Oseh, Wan Rosli Wan Sulaiman, Gbadamosi Afeez, Bamidele Victor Ayodele, Okorie Ekwe Agwu, Stanley Chinedu Mamah, Peter Ikechukwu Nwaichi, Ellora Priscille Ndia Ntone, Augustine Agi
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Depleted petroleum reservoirs and saline aquifers offer significant potential for CO 2 storage, yet major challenges persist, including leakage, injectivity limitations, mineral and salt precipitation, and pore blockage. The behavior of supercritical CO 2, particularly its limited solubility in brine and density-driven migration, further complicates long-term storage security. Although various strategies have been explored to enhance sequestration, their deployment is often restricted by cost, toxicity, and operational risks. Notably, a comprehensive assessment of the impact of brine salinity on CO 2 retention is still lacking. This review examines current storage approaches, highlights the role of salinity in CO 2 –brine interactions, and identifies critical research directions to advance safe and effective carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies.