Two-Dimensional Superconductivity at the CaZrO ₃ /KTaO ₃ (001) Heterointerfaces

Two-dimensional superconductivity at KTaO 3 (KTO) heterointerfaces has sparked intensive investigations since its discovery, yet whether the (001)-oriented KTO interface hosts superconductivity remains to be elucidated. Here, we provide unambiguous evidence of superconductivity in two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) at CaZrO 3 /KTO(001) heterointerfaces, with a superconducting transition T C up to ∼0.25 K. Notably, T C increases linearly with carrier density n S over the range of 4.5 × 10 13 –10.3 × 10 13 cm –2 . Furthermore, superconductivity exhibits a pronounced dependence on crystallographic orientation, with T C rising from 0.25 K for (001) to 1.04 K for (110) and 2.22 K for (111), underscoring the crucial role of interfacial symmetry in the CaZrO 3 /KTO system. The two-dimensional nature of the superconducting state is corroborated by the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless (BKT) transition and the large anisotropy of the upper critical field. For the CaZrO 3 /KTO(001) sample with n S = 7.7 × 10 13 cm –2, the estimated Ginzburg–Landau coherence length ξ GL = 146.4 nm is larger than the superconducting layer thickness d SC = 10.1 nm by a factor of ∼14.5, confirming the significant two-dimensional confinement of the CaZrO 3 /KTO(001) superconductor. In addition, we demonstrate that the two-dimensional superconductivity at the CaZrO 3 /KTO(001) interface can be effectively tuned by applying a back gate voltage. Our findings reveal the existence of two-dimensional superconductivity at CaZrO 3 /KTO(001), providing a new platform for exploring two-dimensional superconductivity at oxide interfaces.