Synergistic Plasma Catalysis for CO ₂ Conversion: Mechanistic Insights, Advanced Characterization, and Rational Design Strategies

High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Plasma catalysis has emerged as a promising low-carbon technology capable of effectively promoting CO 2 conversion under mild conditions. The synergistic effects between nonthermal plasma and catalysts significantly enhance reaction rates and activate low-temperature reaction pathways that are difficult to access under conventional thermal catalysis. In particular, plasma technologies driven by electrical energy, combined with the power-to-chemical concept, present new opportunities for CO 2 conversion and utilization. This review highlights representative CO 2 conversion reactions, such as CO 2 hydrogenation and dry reforming of CH 4, with a focus on the characteristics and roles of vibrationally excited molecules and reactive radical species generated in plasma catalysis. Advanced analytical techniques and research methodologies used to elucidate reaction mechanisms involved in plasma–catalyst interactions are also discussed. Building on these insights, rational catalyst design strategies are presented through precise control of catalyst composition, structure, and surface properties, along with potential research directions for further enhancing plasma-catalytic performance. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of CO 2 conversion via plasma catalysis and offers practical guidance for advancing toward carbon neutrality and a carbon cycle.