Engineering a PANI/MWCNT/V ₂ O ₅ Ternary Composite for Hybrid Supercapacitors

The increasing demand for reliable and efficient energy-storage systems has driven continued interest in advanced materials capable of supporting rapid and stable charge storage. Supercapacitors (SC) can provide pathways to meet such requirements with enhanced energy density and an improved life cycle. This study presents the fabrication and analysis of a hybrid comprising polyaniline (PANI), MWCNT, and vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ), synthesized via oxidative polymerization and a hydrothermal approach. The synthesized hybrid ternary composite (HTC) was characterized using structural, morphological, and electrochemical analysis. The integration of MWCNT provides continuous pathways for efficient electron transport and enhanced ion-diffusion kinetics. The redox-active behavior of V 2 O 5 contributed as an additional pseudocapacitive component to the overall storage mechanism. Electrochemical characteristics demonstrate a pseudocapacitive behavior with a specific capacitance of 295.67 F/g at 1 A/g and ∼91% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles. Also, the device exhibited an energy density of 59.13 Wh/kg at a power density of 0.6 kW/kg. These results demonstrate that interactions among individual components significantly enhance hybrid charge-storage performance. Overall, the synthesized PANI/MWCNT/V 2 O 5 can be a promising hybrid material for next-generation energy storage devices.