Seoyeon Won, Simon Binder, Alexandra M. Boyadzhiev, Qian Zhou, Amin Vafaei, Juan Pablo Botero Torres, Taehwan Lim, Alessandra Angelucci, Steve Blair, Yantao Fan, Zachary W. Davis, Huanan Zhang
) into 2PP 3D-printed neural probe architectures via electrochemical deposition. Unlike state-of-the-art thin-film PEDOT coatings, this approach enables the formation of vertically extended, entirely polymer-based electrodes with a length in the millimeter range. These all-polymer electrode arrays exhibit low impedance, excellent electrochemical and mechanical stability, and enable neural recordings in freely moving rats. This fabrication process may thus provide a platform technology for customizable microelectrode arrays, demonstrating the effective integration of a conductive polymer into 2PP 3D-printed microneedle arrays. This platform could be leveraged for a wide range of applications in the broader field of bioelectronics.