A High-Energy Low-Sensitivity Zwitterionic Material Featuring a Superhydrogen-Bonding Network Structure

In the field of energetic materials research, enhancing energy density remains the paramount objective, whereas conventional approaches inevitably compromise stability. This study developed an innovative “nitro-hydroxy cooperative incorporation” synthetic strategy to successfully introduce nitro and hydroxy functional groups into fused-ring frameworks. The zwitterionic (7-amino-3-hydroxy-5-iminio-6-nitro-3-(1 H -tetrazol-5-yl)-3,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a ]pyrimidin-2-yl)(nitro)amide ( AHPT ) was successfully synthesized, featuring a stable supramolecular hydrogen-bonding network with alternating amino-nitro connectivity. AHPT (ρ = 1.85 g·cm –3, D = 8969 m·s –1, P = 37.9 GPa) demonstrates superior density and detonation performance compared to RDX (ρ = 1.82 g·cm –3, D = 8795 m·s –1, P = 34.9 GPa), while achieving near-equivalent detonation velocity to HMX (ρ = 1.91 g·cm –3, D = 9144 m·s –1, P = 39.2 GPa). AHPT (IS = 21 J) exhibits remarkably reduced impact sensitivity compared to conventional explosives RDX (IS = 7.4 J) and HMX (IS = 5.0 J), which is attributable to its stable supramolecular hydrogen-bonding network. The stabilization strategy of AHPT, achieved through the synergistic effect of hydrogen-bond networks and zwitterionic charge delocalization, provides a novel research direction for the development of future high-energy, low-sensitivity energetic materials.