Yuan Cheng, Jinping Zhang, M M Liu, Mahesh Kumar Joshi, Hongwei Wang, Pengyu Zhang, Minghui Tan, Zhiping Mao, Yunchao Mu, Xinli Li
. Combined with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (in situ XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism is explained. This research not only provides ideas for the design of high-performance graded structured photocatalytic systems but also promotes the application of thin film catalysts in the fields of environmental remediation and optoelectronic devices.