Lipase Immobilized in Hollow Mesoporous Carbon Spheres: Enzymatic Properties and Applications in the Production of Geranyl Acetate

In this study, we successfully synthesized two immobilized enzyme carrier: hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (HMCS) and mesoporous carbon spheres (MCS). The carriers were thoroughly characterized by using a range of techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, water contact angle measurement, and BET surface area analysis. HMCS exhibited a unique hollow structure, moderate hydrophobicity, and a larger specific surface area. The high-performance immobilized lipase, CRL@HMCS was prepared by using HMCS as the carrier. The basic enzymatic properties and reaction kinetic parameters of CRL@HMCS were studied. CRL@HMCS exhibited significantly higher catalytic efficiency, with a V max approximately 2.7-fold greater than that of the free CRL. Excellent operational stability was showed by retaining 64.14% of its relative activity after being reused 7 times and 84.05% after 22 days of storage. Under optimal conditions (45 °C, 200 rpm, 5 h), CRL@HMCS achieved a 70.4% yield in geranyl acetate synthesis, significantly higher than the free enzyme (48.65%).