Energy, Economic, and Environmental (3E) Analysis of Green Hydrogen Production Based on Biogas Steam Reforming

High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Green hydrogen production from biogas offers a renewable, low-carbon alternative to fossil-based methods. This study combines computational fluid dynamics (CFD), process flow modeling, and life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the energy, economic, and environmental (3E) performance of biogas-based hydrogen production. A validated 3D multiscale CFD model of a multitubular reforming reactor was developed in COMSOL Multiphysics to assess performance under varying CO 2 concentrations, operating pressures, catalyst degradation, and burner placements. Optimal results were achieved at high pressure with side-fired burners, and the reactor demonstrated flexibility in handling different biogas compositions. The catalyst degradation significantly impacts the economic performance of the hydrogen production process, resulting in increased specific O&M costs and a notable rise in the LCOH. Key reactor parameters informed a process model for 150 MW thermal output across four scenarios (biogas/natural gas, with/without carbon capture). LCA showed that biogas cases, especially with carbon capture, yielded high energy efficiency and negative emissions. Overall, the study demonstrates that biogas steam reforming is a promising pathway for sustainable green hydrogen production with reduced environmental impact.