In Situ Piezoelectric Regulation of Lewis Acid Sites in Vanadate to Boost the Long-Term Generation of Hydroxyl Radicals for the Purification of Arsenic-Containing Acidic Mine Wastewater

, while piezoelectric polarization optimizes their electronic state to promote efficient ·OH formation and its diffusion into bulk solution for As(III) oxidation. This work demonstrates a novel, external-oxidant-free strategy for long-term ·OH yield via in situ piezoelectric regulation of Lewis acidity, offering a sustainable avenue for the remediation of AMD.