A Multifunctional “Three-in-One” Immunochromatographic Platform Enabled by Honeycomb-Like Trimetallic Mesoporous Nanozymes with Colorimetric, Catalytic, and Fluorescence Activities for Highly Sensitive Acetamiprid Sensing

Acetamiprid (ACE), a neonicotinoid insecticide, poses potential health risks, owing to its widespread use. Therefore, developing sensitive and rapid detection methods for ACE is essential. Traditional immunochromatographic assays (ICAs) suffer from low signal intensity and a single-mode output, limiting their detection performance. To overcome these limitations, we developed a multimodal ICA employing a trimetallic PtPdCo mesoporous nanozyme (TPPCNZ). Transition-metal doping modulates the nanozyme's composition and electronic structure. It also enhances synergistic interactions among the metal components. Exploiting TPPCNZ's multimodal transduction - superior colorimetric response, enzyme-mimetic catalysis, and fluorescence quenching, the assay affords precise, reproducible readouts. Consolidation of these orthogonal signals within a single platform suppresses spurious responses and minimizes false positives, yielding accuracy that surpasses that of conventional single-mode formats. The assay displays sensitive detection of ACE across a broad concentration range (0.01 - 500 ng/mL). Furthermore, successful analyses of real food samples underscore TPPCNZ-ICA's potential for food safety and environmental monitoring applications.