Effects of CYP2E1 Polymorphism and Dietary Supplementation With Jerusalem Artichoke on Skatole and Indole Levels in the Back Fat and Feces of Boars, and Liver mRNA Expression.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding Jerusalem artichoke to the diet of fattening boars and the effects of polymorphisms in the CYP2E1 gene on skatole levels in back fat and feces and on CYP2E1 mRNA expression in pig liver. A total of 25 crossbreed boars (LWS × Pn) × (LD × LWD) were used in this study. All boars were genotyped for c.1423G > A. The pigs were divided into two different dietary treatment groups with 0% (C-control; n = 12) and 8.2% (E-experimental; n = 13) dried Jerusalem artichoke tubers, which were fed 14 days before slaughter. The results suggest that feeding Jerusalem artichoke decreased (p = 0.0236) the level of skatole in adipose tissue. In feces, a decrease in the skatole level was observed, but there was no statistically significant difference between the control and experimental groups. The influence of polymorphism on skatole levels in adipose tissue and feces were lowest for the AA genotype and highest for the GG genotype. Differences between genotypes for skatole levels in feces were statistically significant (p = 0.0242). Differences between genotypes in adipose tissue on skatole levels showed the same trend in favor of the A allele. However, these differences were not statistically significant. This study also confirmed the significant effect of Jerusalem artichoke on the liver CYP2E1 mRNA expression. The CYP2E1 gene expression level was significantly higher in the experimental group (p = 0.0086). No significant differences in mRNA expression between different genotypes were detected.