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◆ The Behavioral and brain sciences2026-09-17

The error theory of LLM consciousness: there is no evidence that standard LLMs are conscious.

Susan Schneider

原始摘要(英文原文)· Original abstract
Are chatbots AI zombies or conscious minds? I suspect they are AI zombies, at least when implemented on today's standard hardware. I argue that today's Large Language Mode's (LLM's) consciousness-like behaviors do not suggest they are conscious, because there is an error theory - a theory explaining why they behave as if they are conscious in absence of actual felt experience. LLMs function as "crowdsourced neocortices" - as they scale up, they come to mirror human conceptual structures, leading to human-like behaviors, including those involving consciousness. By contrast, bio-computers, quantum computers, and neuromorphic systems present more serious candidates for AI consciousness.
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The error theory of LLM consciousness: there is no evidence that standard LLMs are conscious. — 科研速览 Science Skim